A complete guide to bacterial vaginosis

Bacterial vaginosis is one of the most common vaginal conditions among women of childbearing age. Characterized by an imbalance in the bacterial flora of the vagina, this infection can cause discomfort and require medical treatment for resolution.

Understanding what bacterial vaginosis is, its symptoms and the available treatment options is crucial to effectively addressing this condition and preventing possible complications. Below, we will delve deeper into each aspect of this common gynecological condition.

What is bacterial vaginosis and why does it occur?

Bacterial vaginosis is a vaginal disorder caused by an imbalance of the natural bacteria in the vagina. Normally, the vaginal flora is made up of different bacteria, the most common being the Lactobacillus genus, which helps to maintain an acidic environment and protects against infections.

When there is a change in this bacterial balance, pathogens such as Gardnerella vaginalis and other anaerobic bacteria can proliferate, causing the characteristic symptoms of vaginosis. Different factors can trigger this imbalance, such as excessive use of douching, having sex with multiple partners or a new sexual partner, or even using certain intimate hygiene products.

It is important to mention that although bacterial vaginosis can be associated with sexual activity, it is not considered a sexually transmitted disease (STD) per se. However, it can increase the risk of contracting STDs if exposed to them.

Common symptoms of bacterial vaginosis

The symptoms of bacterial vaginosis can vary between women, and some may not experience any at all. However, the most obvious signs include:

• Abnormal vaginal discharge, which can be white or grayish and is often described as “milky”.
• An unpleasant odor, often compared to that of fish, which can be more intense after sexual intercourse.
• Irritation in the vagina or vulva.
• Burning sensation when urinating.

These symptoms should not be ignored and it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Effective diagnostic methods for bacterial vaginosis

To diagnose bacterial vaginosis, the doctor may perform a physical examination and request specific tests. Diagnostic techniques include:

1. Pelvic examination to assess for abnormal discharge and other signs of infection.
2. Taking samples of vaginal discharge for laboratory analysis.
3. pH tests to determine the acidity of the vagina, as a higher than normal pH can be indicative of bacterial vaginosis.

These tests help to rule out other infections such as candidiasis or trichomoniasis, which can present similar symptoms.

Treatment options for bacterial vaginosis

The treatment of bacterial vaginosis usually involves antibiotics, either administered orally or topically in the form of creams or gels. The most common are metronidazole and clindamycin. It is essential to follow the course of treatment as directed by a doctor, even if the symptoms disappear before it is completed.

In some cases, bacterial vaginosis can recur after treatment. If this happens, a longer course of antibiotics may be prescribed or other treatment options explored.

Although treatment is usually effective, recurrence of bacterial vaginosis is common. It is estimated that up to 30% of women experience a new episode within three months of initial treatment.

Prevention of bacterial vaginosis: Recommended practices

Although it is not always possible to prevent bacterial vaginosis, the following practices can help reduce the risk of bacterial imbalance:

• Avoid douching, as it can alter the natural balance of the vaginal flora.
• Maintain proper intimate hygiene, preferably using mild, fragrance-free products.
• Use protection during sexual intercourse, especially with new or multiple partners.
• Choose cotton underwear and avoid tight-fitting garments that can retain moisture and heat, creating an environment conducive to bacterial growth.

In addition, regular gynaecological check-ups are recommended to maintain optimal vaginal health.

Complications associated with bacterial vaginosis

Although bacterial vaginosis is not usually serious, if it is not treated properly it can lead to more serious health problems. Possible complications include:

• A higher risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections such as HIV, chlamydia and gonorrhea.
• Complications during pregnancy, such as premature births and low birth weight.
• In the case of gynaecological procedures, an increased risk of postoperative infection.

It is therefore essential to see a doctor if symptoms occur or in case of frequent recurrences.

Frequently asked questions about bacterial vaginosis

What if the discharge smells like fish?

If vaginal discharge with a fishy odor is detected, it is possible that you are facing a case of bacterial vaginosis. This odor may intensify after sexual intercourse and could be accompanied by a grayish or whitish discharge.

It is crucial to consult a healthcare professional to obtain a proper diagnosis and begin the appropriate treatment. Neglecting these symptoms can lead to complications such as sexually transmitted infections and problems during pregnancy.

How serious is having Gardnerella?

Although Gardnerella, a bacterium associated with bacterial vaginosis, is not usually serious, if it is not treated it can lead to more serious health problems. These include an increased risk of contracting STDs and complications in pregnancy.

Following the treatment prescribed by the doctor and adopting preventive measures such as safe sex practices is essential to avoid recurrences and maintain good reproductive health.

How is vulvovaginitis detected?

Vulvovaginitis, an inflammation of the vulva and vagina, can be diagnosed by a pelvic exam and analysis of vaginal discharge. Symptoms often include redness, swelling, itching, and abnormal discharge.

To identify the causative agent of the infection and choose the most appropriate treatment, the doctor may require additional tests. Early diagnosis is crucial to prevent complications and effectively relieve symptoms.

In conclusion, bacterial vaginosis is a treatable condition with accurate diagnosis and proper treatment. Maintaining preventive measures and proper intimate hygiene can help minimize the risk of this condition. If you have symptoms, do not hesitate to consult your doctor for an assessment and personalized recommendations.

To complement this information, we invite you to watch the following video that explains more about bacterial vaginosis:

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